I have been using my portable hard disk drive for more than an year now. Its a laptop hard-disk of 2.5 inches, 80GB capacity with a USB 2.0 casing. By now the drive has become nearly full, there is little free space.
Three days back, I got a warning saying
“Windows delayed write failed - Windows was unable to save all the data for the file M:\$Mft. The data has been lost. This error may be caused by a failure of your computer hardware or network connection. Please try to save this data elsewhere.”
For a moment I thought that disk is going faulty, but with some hit and trial, I got it fixed.
Let me share the solution with you.
Fix:
This kind of problem is observed when the drive is almost full and there is some problem being faced by the disk in maintaining the file allocation table. This problem can be fixed in some easy steps:
2. Open My Computer, right click on the USB drive, click on properties.
3. Go to Tools > Error-checking and select option to check now as shown in the image below.
4. This will show a window like the one below. Check the check-boxes to Automatically fix the file system and Scan for and attempt recovery of bad sectors. Click Start.
Majority of the virus problem which we receive from the readers are those cases which infect the system through pen drives. According to our records about 40 percent of the total computer systems got virus or trojan infection through pen drives and USB portable devices like iPOd, Mp3 players etc.
Yesterday, I found a cool utility called Thumbscrew : USB Write Blocker , you can use this utility to disable writing to your USB drive. You can read full review about the utility here
Let’s see how can you use this utility to protect your drive from viruses
Fix:
Thumbscrew is small handy utility which you can take any where on your pen drive use it to protect your pen drive from viruses on other computer systems by disabling Writing on that system. You can download thumbscrew here.
Follow the procedure below to protect your pen drive from viruses
1. In order to protect your pen drive from viruses you need to create a blank file named autorun.inf through notepad and place it in the root directory.
2. When you insert pen drive on any virus infected computer system it will throw a message that some thing is trying to copy and replace a file located in the root directory of your USB device and that is nothing but a virus.
Source :
http://www.troublefixers.com/disable-data-writing-on-your-usb-drive-to-protect-it-from-viruses/
We have received many problems mentioning that they are not able to format their pen drives. Some of them have written that the pen drive capacity displayed is not correct.
When they try to format the pen drive, Windows Shows error "Can not format the pen drive". There can be more than one reasons behind such problems, some of the common problems are:
1. Virus or trojan infection.
2. Corrupted flash chips on the pen drive (hardware fault)
3. Fake pen drives ! (Many such drives are there in the markets, beware)
Lets see what to do to fix the issues.
Fix:
Virus or trojan infections:
Virus or trojans can run some process that keeps running in background. This not only harms the computer, but also prevents the pen drive from formatting as it shows that the drive is in use. Remove and re-insert the pen drive, don’t double click on drive and cancel autorun operations if it starts automatically. Run a virus scan on pen drive, this will help fix the issue. Now format the pen drive.
Always take precautions while using pen drives on other computers.
You may have faced a problem when you insert your pen drive and it gets detected very easily but it doesn’t show up as a drive icon in My Computer. The computer detects the pen drive but data on pen drive is not visible as the pen drive is not visible in My Computer (Explorer).
This problem occurs mainly when windows XP fails to allocate a drive letter to your portable drive(pen drive). It occurs mostly with new pen drives connected to your computer for the first time. If you face such problem then it may not be the pen drive’s fault, rather it may be windows trouble.
Fix:
You can fix this issue by following some simple steps given below.
1. Click Start, click Run, type compmgmt.msc, and then click OK.
2. In the console tree, click Disk Management. The Disk Management window will appear.
3. On this disk management window, you can see some drives including the portable drive. Right click on your portable drive and click change drive letter and paths.
4. Now assign a new drive letter which is not being used by any of your drives in My Computer.
5. After assigning the new drive letter your portable drive will show up in my computer with other drives
We hope the above solution will help to fix this trouble.
We have received lot of problems where computers got infected easily by the viruses in the pen drives, pen drives have become one of the most easiest carriers of various types of viruses these days.
We will tell you how pen drives normally infect your computer systems and how can you open pen drive safely and back up your important data.
Most of the active viruses infect your windows system as soon as you double click on the Pen Drive icon in your my computer. As virus always creates a autorun.inf file which is a system ,hidden and a read only file on your pen drive. It point to the main virus file which is also located on the pen drive. When user double clicks on the pen drive files pointed by the autorun.inf got executed which copies the virus files on your system.
The image below shows the Autorun file entries in some special characters when you right click on the drive.
Let’s see how can you protect yourself by following certain practices.
Fix:
Let’s discuss these practices one by one:
1. Disable Autorun on Your Pen Drive:
2. Scan Your Pen Drive:
Whenever you insert your pen drive / portable drive into USB port on your system make sure to run a virus scan with your anti virus before opening your pen drive contents in windows explorer.
3. Use FreeCommander:
FreeCommander is again a file explorer like windows explorer, so you just need to download it by clicking here and install it.
After installing open your pen drive through FreeCommander (as shown in the image below)
We attach portable USB device like pen drive, memory cards and portable drives etc. on our computer to transfer files from/to your computer.
When you try to remove a USB pen-drive by using “Safely Remove Hardware > Safely remove USB Mass Storage device” option, windows should stop all the read-write operations on the drive so that the drive can be removed.
But sometimes when you try to eject the USB device by using “Safely remove USB Mass Storage device” option, it shows a message box which says:
“The Device Generic volume cannot be stopped right now. Try stopping the device later”
In such case its not safe to remove the pen drive as it can get corrupt or get damaged. Many of us face such problem in removing pen-drive. In this post we will see how to fix such issue.
Let’s see why it happens and the fix
Fix:
This error comes when you have an application which is running from your pen drive or may be some file or document opened from your pen-drive when you are removing your drive.
In short, some file on your pen drive is in use by some other program on that computer. So close all such files or applications and try removing the drive.
We have observed this problem at may places that you need some data on your pen drive but the USB drive or pen drive does not work. Windows gives a notification
“Found new hardware, USB Mass Storage Device, please install drivers for it.”
Windows will now show a New Hardware Wizard to install the drivers. Lets see in details how we can fix this problem.
Fix:
There are more than one ways in which the USB drives are disabled by Administrators at offices or colleges or schools. These methods are:
1. By Disabling USB Ports from Device Manager.
2. By Tweaking Registry values for USB Mass Storage Devices.
3. By Un-installing the USB Mass Storage Drivers.
We will see how to fix all these situations one by one. But before you begin, you must have administrator rights on that computer to fix the issue.
i) Go to Start > Run, in run prompt type “devmgmt.msc” and press enter. This will open device manager.
ii) Go to Universal Serial bus Controller. See if there are any red colored cross? If yes, right click and enable those USB Ports.
Now try and use the pen drive. If it works fine, then great, else read the next two steps also.
i) Go to Start > Run , type “regedit” and press enter, this will open registry editor.
ii) Navigate to the key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\USBSTOR
iii) Double-click on the “Start” key to modify its value, change the value to 3 and press OK.
Source : http://www.troublefixers.com/pen-drive-locked-at-office-or-college-computer-unlock-it/
You may have faced a problem when you insert your pen drive and it gets detected very easily but it doesn’t show up as a drive icon in My Computer. The computer detects the pen drive but data on pen drive is not visible as the pen drive is not visible in My Computer (Explorer).
This problem occurs mainly when windows XP fails to allocate a drive letter to your portable drive(pen drive). It occurs mostly with new pen drives connected to your computer for the first time. If you face such problem then it may not be the pen drive’s fault, rather it may be windows trouble.
Fix:
You can fix this issue by following some simple steps given below.
1. Click Start, click Run, type compmgmt.msc, and then click OK.
2. In the console tree, click Disk Management. The Disk Management window will appear.
3. On this disk management window, you can see some drives including the portable drive. Right click on your portable drive and click change drive letter and paths.
4. Now a assign a new drive letter which is not being used by any of your drives in My Computer.
5. After assigning the new drive letter your portable drive will show up in my computer with other drives
In normal cases when you think your system is not detecting pen drives, it could be a case when your computer detects your pen drive but does not show up in my computer.
Method 1:
This could be due to no free drive letter has been assigned to your pen drive.Method 2:
If none of your USB devices detect ,this could be due to wrong registry entries. i.e you need to delete UpperFilters and the LowerFilters registry values.
Method 2:
If none of your USB devices detect ,this could be due to wrong registry entries. i.e you need to delete UpperFilters and the LowerFilters registry values.
Follow the procedure listed below to correct your registry:
1. Open Start >> Run, and type "regedit" (without double quotes), and click OK.
2. Locate UpperFilters registry value. it resides in the following registry subkey:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Class\{4D36E980-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318}
3. Click on Edit menu, and select Delete and click OK.
Note: If you receive an error when you try to delete the registry subkey, you may not have correct permissions to edit the subkey.
4. Locate LowerFilters registry value. It resides in the following registry subkey:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Class\{4D36E967-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318}
5. Click on Edit menu, and select Delete and click OK.
6. Exit Registry Editor and restart your system.
Lets see a short summary of each problem and the fix:
Fix:
When wiring an analog telephone line on a LAN cable the following notes may help:
Note that the TX (transmitter) pins are connected to corresponding RX (receiver) pins, plus to plus and minus to minus. And that you must use a crossover cable to connect units with identical interfaces. If you use a straight-through cable, one of the two units must, in effect, perform the cross-over function.
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Note that pins 4, 5, 7, and 8 and the blue and brown pairs are not used in either standard. Quite contrary to what you may read elsewhere, these pins and wires are not used or required to implement 100BASE-TX duplexing--they are just plain wasted.
However, the actual cables are not physically that simple. In the diagrams, the orange pair of wires are not adjacent. The blue pair is upside-down. The right ends match RJ-45 jacks and the left ends do not. If, for example, we invert the left side of the 568A "straight"-thru cable to match a 568A jack--put one 180° twist in the entire cable from end-to-end--and twist together and rearrange the appropriate pairs, we get the following can-of-worms:
This further emphasizes, I hope, the importance of the word "twist" in making network cables which will work. You cannot use an flat-untwisted telephone cable for a network cable. Furthermore, you must use a pair of twisted wires to connect a set of transmitter pins to their corresponding receiver pins. You cannot use a wire from one pair and another wire from a different pair.
Keeping the above principles in mind, we can simplify the diagram for a 568A straight-thru cable by untwisting the wires, except the 180° twist in the entire cable, and bending the ends upward. Likewise, if we exchange the green and orange pairs in the 568A diagram we will get a simplified diagram for a 568B straight-thru cable. If we cross the green and orange pairs in the 568A diagram we will arrive at a simplified diagram for a crossover cable. All three are shown below.
The price difference between a Switch and a Hub is almost vanishly small these days. Unless budget really is a key issue we would suggest a Switch. They come in all kinds of sizes 4, 5, 8, 16 and 24 ports. some have the ports at the back and leds at the front, others put both at the front.
RJ45 and LEDS at front
RJ45 at Rear LEDS at front
The general specification - irrespective of whether its a switch or hub - is:
They typically come with lots of other features e.g. Full/Half Duplex, managed or unmanaged - your budget will figure out what else you want or can afford.
Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) comes in a variety of formats. It is typically used in three applications:
Where there is significant EMI in the environment such as caused by high-powered electric motors (elevator shafts), flourescent lighting etc. Additionally where there is significant Alien Crosstalk (ANEXT) such as in very high speed (gigabit and 10gb) LANs. In this case the ethernet signals in the cable are protected against external interference from either adjacent pairs or the environment.
Where there is extremely sensitive electrical/electronic equipment in the surrounding environment or where security requirements demand elimination of eavesdropping possibilities from radiated LAN signals (TEMPEST). In this case the ethernet signals in the cable are contained and prevented from polluting, or escaping into, the external environment.
Where maximum performance - either speed or distance - is required. As Ethernet speeds continue to increase either fiber or Shielded Twisted Pair is becoming increasingly common, for instance, to reach 100m distances at 10Gb speeds on copper will require shielded cable (limited to 55m for UTP).
Shielded cable comes in three broad types with a confusing range of terminology:
Where there is a single foil (FTP - Foil Twisted Pair) or braided (ScTP - Screened Twisted Pair) shield inside the jacket covering all four pairs.
Where there is a foil shield covering each pair. This is frequently refered to as PiMF (Pairs in Metal Foil) and is designed primarily to eliminate Alien Cross-talk (ANEXT) from adjacent pairs.
Where there is a foil shield covering each pair and a (Foil or Braided) shield covering the whaoe cable. This is frequently refered to as SSTP (Double Shield Twisted Pair) or even PiMF - since many manufacturers also add a jacket shield to foil covered pair cables.
In almost all cases there is a single ground wire (called a drain) which allows for connection to secondary grounding sources.
The diagram below illustrates the differences:
Notes:
Shielded cable of any variety has a greater diameter than UTP and will therefore occupy more space in cable ducting and raceways.
Connecting shielded cable is more complex and time consuming - but not execessively so - than conventional UTP. Manufacturers specifications vary enormously, expecially with respect to grounding, and should be followed closely.
In shielded cable installations the jacks and receptacles are typically made of metal and the cable shield (foil or braid) is connected electrically to the connector and thence through the receptable to a suitable ground.
Foil covered pairs are typically not connected to ground and thus provide only alien crosstalk immunity from adjacent pairs.
Manufacturers specifications and measurements suggest that shielded cables do NOT create antenna effects - indeed experiments show that UTP creates a substantially greater antenna effect (~40db) over correctly grounded shielded cables.
Even ungrounded shielded cables provide better performance (by ~20db) than conventional unshielded twisted pair (UTP).
The drain wire provides a secondary or auxiliary ground method where metallic path grounding is provided by the connectors and, as such, is optional. In cases where metal connectors are not being used the drain wire may be used as the primary grounding method and needs to be routed independantly to a suitable ground.
There are different connectors for stranded and solid cable and manufacturers do not always do a good job at differentiating them. Spend the time to make sure you have the right connector type. If you use the wrong type of connector the cable may or may not work initially but it will almost certainly fail very quickly.
1000base-T is the copper based version of the gigabit Ethernet standard defined by 802.3ab which, since it is over 6 months old, is available free of charge from the enlightened IEEE. Great work. In passing, if you want to see sophistry raised to an art form read the EIA's justification for charging for their specifications. (Note: The original EIA statement is unfortunately no longer avilable on-line. This is a great loss to both the development of the English language in general, and comedy writing in particular.) The following notes apply to the 1000base-T spec:
The standard defines auto-negotiation of speed between 10, 100 and 1000 Mbit/s so the speed will fall to the maximum supported by both ends - ensuring inter-working with existing installations.
The cable specification base-line is ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-A-1995 (which you have to pay for). This means that if you know your cat5 cable was manufactured to this standard (there was a lower spec 1991 version of this specification) then it will support Gigabit Ethernet. Cat5 cable manufactured to the old specification may work or it may not - you need to run some tests. Cat5e and cat6 being higher spec cables will clearly support Gigabit Ethernet.
Maximum runs are the standard 100m (~300ft).
Gigabit Ethernet uses all 4 pairs (8 conductors). The transmission scheme is radically different (PAM-5 a 5 level amplitude modulation scheme) and each conductor is used for send and receive.
Crossed Gigabit Ethernet cables must cross all 4 pairs.
Crossed cables are used to connect PCs to one other PC or to connect a HUB to a HUB. Crossed cable are sometimes called Crossover, Patch or Jumper cables. If your connection is PC to HUB you MUST use a Straight cable.
The following description shows the wiring at both ends (male RJ45 connectors) of the crossed cable. Note: The diagrams below shows crossing of all 4 pairs and allows for the use of cat3/4 cables with 100m LANs (100base-T4). Pairs 4,5 and 7,8 do not NEED to be crossed in 100base-TX wiring. See notes below.
We use RED for crossed cables (or more commonly now a red heat-shrink collar at each end).
NOTES:
Straight cables are used to connect PCs or other equipment to a HUB or Switch. If your connection is PC to PC or HUB to HUB you MUST use a Crossed cable.
The following cable description is for the wiring of BOTH ends (RJ45 Male connectors) with your category 5 wiring colors (TIA/EIA 568A or 568B though the example uses 568B colors).
| Pin No. | conductor color | Name |
| 1 | white and orange | TX_D1+ |
| 2 | orange | TX_D1- |
| 3 | white and green | RX_D2+ |
| 4 | blue | BI_D3+ ** |
| 5 | white and blue | BI_D3- ** |
| 6 | green | RX_D2- |
| 7 | white and brown | BI_D4+ ** |
| 8 | brown | BI_D4- ** |
We use BLUE for 100baseT straight cables.
NOTES:
Wires marked ** are ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY for 100Base-T4 networks - used when any combination of category 3/4/5 cables are present, when using 1000base-T (GigE) and MAY be required for Power-over-Ethernet (PoE) - see below.
Wires marked ** are not essential for 100Base-TX (using cat 5/5e ONLY cables) and CAN be used for other purposes, for example, telephony but, and our LAN plus Telephony article before you wire your entire neighbourhood for surround sound.
The Power-over-Ethernet spec (802.3af) allows three schemes where power may be supplied. Two of these schemes use pairs 4,5 and 7,8 (marked ** in above table) for power (called Midspan PSE and Alternative B or Mode B), one scheme uses ONLY pairs 1,2 and 3,6 (Endpoint PSE, Alternative A or Mode A) for both signals and power. Depending on which scheme you use pairs 4,5 and 7,8 may be required.
All our wiring is now done to the 100base-T4 spec which you can use with 10baseT networks - but NOT the other way around.
Crossed cables are used to connect PCs to one other PC or to connect a HUB to a HUB. Crossed cables are sometimes called Crossover, Patch or Jumper cables. If your connection is PC to HUB you MUST use a Straight cable.
The following description shows the wiring at both ends (male RJ45 connectors) of the crossed cable.
| One end RJ45 Male | Other end RJ45 Male |
| 1 | 3 |
| 2 | 6 |
| 3 | 1 |
| 4 * | 5 * |
| 5 * | 4 * |
| 6 | 2 |
| 7 * | 8 * |
| 8 * | 7 * |
NOTES:
Straight cables are used to connect PCs or other equipment to a HUB or Switch. If your connection is PC to PC or HUB to HUB you MUST use a Crossed cable.
The following cable description is for the wiring of both ends (RJ45 Male connectors) with the 568B category 5(e) wiring colors you could, of course, use the 568A colour scheme.
| Pin No. | strand color | Name |
| 1 | white and orange | TX+ |
| 2 | orange | TX- |
| 3 | white and green | RX+ |
| 4 | NC | * |
| 5 | NC | * |
| 6 | green | RX- |
| 7 | NC | * |
| 8 | NC | * |
NOTE: Items marked * are not necessary for 10M LANs (10base-T) but since you will be moving shortly to 100MB LANs (won't you) you will save yourself a LOT OF TIME finding crappy cable (that you made) that does not work. Instead we suggest you wire to 100Base-T4 standards. After all you gotta stick the ends somewhere man.
We use BLUE for 10base-T straight cables. NOTE: All our wiring is now done to the 100base-T4 spec which you can use with 10base-T networks - but NOT necessarily the other way around.
The following table shows the normal colour coding for category 5 cables (4 pair) based on the two standards supported by TIA/EIA.
These standards apply to the color code used within any SINGLE cable run - BOTH ENDS MUST USE THE SAME STANDARD. However, since they both use the same pinout at the connectors you can mix 568A and 568B cables in any installation.
Basic Notes on Lan:
LAN cables are generically called UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) and are identified with a category rating. When installing new cable, unless there is a very good reason not to, you should be using category 5, 5e or 6 UTP which is rated for both 10 and 100mb LAN operation.
UTP comes in two forms SOLID or STRANDED. SOLID refers to the fact that each internal conductor is made up of a single (solid!) wire, STRANDED means that each conductor is made up of multiple smaller wires. Stranded cable (which is typically more expensive) has a smaller 'bend- radius' (you can squeeze the cable round tighter corners with lower loss) and due to its flexibility should be used where you plug and unplug the cable frequently. All other things being equal the performance of both types of cable is the same. In general, solid cable is used for backbone wiring and stranded for PC to wall plug (patch) cables. Beware: Each type of wire, solid or stranded, needs its own connector type.
There is NO excuse with all the choice of color cable and other techniques available to-day for not being able to visually spot the difference between at least a straight and a crossed cable before you spend 1 hour fitting the wrong cable into your network. For cheap-skates (which includes us) you can get heat-shrink colour tubing in a slew of colours which you fit on each end of the cable beside the connector to indicate the wiring type and standard instead of using different coloured cables. The advantage of this scheme is that when you change your wiring standard you can just change the sleeve colour - you don't have to rip out the cable. Disadvantage: You have to remember to put the tubing on BEFORE the connector!
You CAN use 100base-TX wiring with a 10base-T network (but not always the other way round). In general ALWAYS use 100baseTX/T4 wiring standards.
If you are using category 5, 5e or 6 wiring EVERYWHERE you can use the 100base-TX standard (this only uses 2 pairs , 4 conductors). Most of the information below assumes you are using category 5, 5e or 6 cables.
If you are using category 3 or 4 cables with 100M LANs ANYWHERE you MUST use the 100Base-T4 standard and this has ADDITIONAL RESTRICTIONS documented throughout (it uses all 4 pairs, 8 conductors). LAN connections/pinouts are defined by IEEE 802.3u.
Maximum LAN cable runs are 100 meters (~300ft).
| Shortcut Keys | Description |
| Ctrl + A | Select all contents of the page. |
| Ctrl + B | Bold highlighted selection. |
| Ctrl + C | Copy selected text. |
| Ctrl + X | Cut selected text. |
| Ctrl + P | Open the print window. |
| Ctrl + F | Open find box. |
| Ctrl + I | Italic highlighted selection. |
| Ctrl + K | Insert link. |
| Ctrl + U | Underline highlighted selection. |
| Ctrl + V | Paste. |
| Ctrl + Y | Redo the last action performed. |
| Ctrl + Z | Undo last action. |
| Ctrl + L | Aligns the line or selected text to the left of the screen. |
| Ctrl + E | Aligns the line or selected text to the center of the screen. |
| Ctrl + R | Aligns the line or selected text to the right of the screen. |
| Ctrl + M | Indent the paragraph. |
| Ctrl + Shift + F | Change the font. |
| Ctrl + Shift + > | Increase selected font +1pts up to 12pt and then increases font +2pts. |
| Ctrl + ] | Increase selected font +1pts. |
| Ctrl + Shift + < | Decrease selected font -1pts if 12pt or lower, if above 12 decreases font by +2pt. |
| Ctrl + [ | Decrease selected font -1pts. |
| Ctrl + Shift + * | View or hide non printing characters. |
| Ctrl + | Moves one word to the left. |
| Ctrl + | Moves one word to the right. |
| Ctrl + | Moves to the beginning of the line or paragraph. |
| Ctrl + | Moves to the end of the paragraph. |
| Ctrl + Del | Deletes word to right of cursor. |
| Ctrl + Backspace | Deletes word to left of cursor. |
| Ctrl + End | Moves the cursor to the end of the document. |
| Ctrl + Home | Moves the cursor to the beginning of the document. |
| Ctrl + Spacebar | Reset highlighted text to the default font. |
| Ctrl + 1 | Single-space lines. |
| Ctrl + 2 | Double-space lines. |
| Ctrl + 5 | 1.5-line spacing. |
| Ctrl + Alt + 1 | Changes text to heading 1. |
| Ctrl + Alt + 2 | Changes text to heading 2. |
| Ctrl + Alt + 3 | Changes text to heading 3. |
| Ctrl + F1 | Open the Task Pane. |
| F1 | Open Help. |
| Alt + Ctrl + F2 | Open new document. |
| Ctrl + F2 | Display the print preview. |
| Shift + F3 | Change the text in Microsoft Word from upper to lower case or a capital letter at the beginning of every word. |
| Shift + Insert | Paste. |
| F4 | Repeat the last action performed (Word 2000+) |
| F5 | Open the find, replace, and go to window in Microsoft Word. |
| Ctrl + Shift + F6 | Opens to another open Microsoft Word document. |
| F7 | Spell and grammar check selected text and/or document. |
| Shift + F7 | Runs a Thesaurus check on the word highlighted. |
| F12 | Save as. |
| Shift + F12 | Save. |
| Ctrl + Shift + F12 | Prints the document. |
| Alt + Shift + D | Insert the current date. |
| Alt + Shift + T | Insert the current time. |
| F2 | Edit the selected cell. |
| F5 | Goto a specific cell. For example, C6. |
| F7 | Spell check selected text and/or document. |
| F11 | Create chart. |
| Ctrl + Shift + ; | Enter the current time. |
| Ctrl + ; | Enter the current date. |
| Alt + Shift + F1 | Insert New Worksheet. |
| Shift + F3 | Open the Excel formula window. |
| Shift + F5 | Bring up search box. |
| Ctrl + A | Select all contents of the worksheet. |
| Ctrl + B | Bold highlighted selection. |
| Ctrl + I | Italic highlighted selection. |
| Ctrl + K | Insert link. |
| Ctrl + U | Underline highlighted selection. |
| Ctrl + 5 | Strikethrough highlighted selection. |
| Ctrl + P | Bring up the print dialog box to begin printing. |
| Ctrl + Z | Undo last action. |
| Ctrl + F9 | Minimize current window. |
| Ctrl + F10 | Maximize currently selected window. |
| Ctrl + F6 | Switch between open workbooks / windows. |
| Ctrl + Page up | Move between Excel work sheets in the same Excel document. |
| Ctrl + Page down | Move between Excel work sheets in the same Excel document. |
| Ctrl + Tab | Move between Two or more open Excel files. |
| Alt + = | Create a formula to sum all of the above cells |
| Ctrl + ' | Insert the value of the above cell into cell currently selected. |
| Ctrl + Shift + ! | Format number in comma format. |
| Ctrl + Shift + $ | Format number in currency format. |
| Ctrl + Shift + # | Format number in date format. |
| Ctrl + Shift + % | Format number in percentage format. |
| Ctrl + Shift + ^ | Format number in scientific format. |
| Ctrl + Shift + @ | Format number in time format. |
| Ctrl + Arrow key | Move to next section of text. |
| Ctrl + Space | Select entire |
| Shift + Space | Select entire row. |
Below are some more advance searches people are commonly looking for and what they do.
intitle:index.of + mp3 -asp -html -htm -php -pls -txt
In the above example, when entered into Google this search result looks for any index of MP3 files that does not contain the standard web pages like HTML, PHP, etc. or any other non-related pages. In the above example you can replace mp3 with avi or other file extension to search for these types of files.
intitle:index.of + mp3 "
In the above example you could replace "
inurl:"ViewerFrame?Mode="
In the above simple example, Google will return results of insecure live web cams and with some of the services even allow you to control the cameras over the Internet.
The above three examples are just a few more advanced searches used to help illustrate how many different things can be found through Google.
any URL into them to make them smaller.
When cleaning the LCD screen it is important to remember to not spray any liquids onto the LCD directly; do not use a paper towel as it may cause the LCD to become scratched.
To clean the LCD screen we recommend that you use a soft cotton cloth; if a dry cloth does not completely clean the screen, you can apply rubbing alcohol to the cloth and wipe the screen with the damp cloth. Rubbing alcohol is actually used to clean the LCD before it leaves the factory.
It is recommended when cleaning a CD that water is used. However, if the substance on a CD cannot be removed using water, pure alcohol can also be used.
In addition to cleaning the drive with a special disc designed to clean drives users can also use a cloth dampened with water to clean the tray that ejects from the drive. Make sure however that after the tray has been cleaned that it completely dry before putting the tray back into the drive.
Also see our CD cleaning recommendatio1. Right-click on the search box in the top left portion of this window.
2. Click "Add a keyword for this search".
3. In the Add bookmark window, type any name or leave it blank and for the keyword make it something simple and easy to remember. For example, "CH" for "Computer Hope" and click Ok.
Now in your address bar you can type: "CH " and then anything you need help with. For example typing: "CH motherbaord" would open the search results for motherboard.
For example, if you wanted to select the data in the below second column of the HTML table hold down the CTRL key and while holding down the key click the "Example 2" cell and drag down to "Four". Once selected press CTRL + C to copy the data and paste it elsewhere.
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 |
| One | Three | Five |
| Two | Four | Six. |
If you've hidden your download Window it can still viewed by clicking Tools and then Downloads or pressing Ctrl + J.
Here are a few Firefox Extensions that I consider essential.
The Adblock Plus extension can strip nearly every kind of ad out of web pages, including Flash and Java applets, as well as help prevent pop-ups.
The Bookmark Sync and Sort extension imports/exports XBEL-formatted bookmarks and can synchronize a bookmarks file across multiple installations by uploading to an FTP or WebDAV server, as well as sort all local bookmarks.
The Copy Plain Text extension allows you to Copy text without formatting. This can be useful when pasting into other applications (such as OpenOffice or Word) that support formatted text.
The Download Statusbar extension allows you to keep track of ongoing and completed downloads in a hide-away statusbar.
DownThemAll makes it easy to download all links or images on a page in one shot.
EZNav allows you to middle-click on the navigation buttons for different effects. Forward and Backward increments or decrements numbered URLs, and reload navigates up in the URL hierarchy.
Favicon Picker 2 adds a new option in the Bookmark Manager to allow you to manually select (or clear) the Favicon associated with each bookmark.
FireBug is an integrated JavaScript, CSS, HTML, and Ajax debugger for Firefox, including an error console, command line, and inspectors
ForecastFox displays current and forecasted weather in your status bar.
The Greasemonkey extension allows users to add custom scripts to change the behavior of any web page. Many pre-written scripts can be found at Userscripts.org.
Today tip will help you to recover the unreadable and corrupted file of Microsoft PowerPoint. Normally PowerPoint open files can become corrupted when you are trying to save it or if you were working on it and your PowerPoint application or windows crashed due to power failure. Windows saves a duplicate copy of working file as a temporary version There is no need to use any third party software to manage these types of corrupted files, because you can recover them from TEMP folder.
Follow the given steps to recover the corrupted files in MS PowerPoint:
First click on Start button then click on Search option to start your search process।
Here type the *.TMP in "All or part of the file name" box then choose the "Local Hard Drives" option in "Look in" box।
click on Search button to start the search process of temporary files on your system local drives. After some time, windows locate the list to temporary files। Here arrange the all temp files as Date modified.
open the PowerPoint and try to open these temp files or double click on that file to run in PowerPoint.
ALT+2 Adjust zoom to 100 percent
ALT+3 Adjust zoom to 200 percent
ALT+ENTER Display the video in full mode
ALT+F Go to media player File Menu
ALT+T Go to media player Tools Menu
ALT+V Go to media player View Menu
ALT+P Go to media player Play Menu
ALT+F4 Use to close media player
CTRL+P Use to Play or Pause the item in media player CTRL+T Use to Repeat the items in media player CTRL+SHIFT+B Use to Rewind a file in media player CTRL+SHIFT+F Use to Fast Forward a file in media player CTRL+SHIFT+S Use to play items slower than a normal speed CTRL+SHIFT+ G Use to play items faster than a normal speed CTRL+SHIFT+ N Use to play items at normal speed in media player F8 Use to mute the volume in media player F9 Use to decrease the volume in media player F10 Use to increase the volume in media player CTRL+2 Display media player in skin mode CTRL+B Use to play the previous item in media player CTRL+F Use to play the next item in media player CTRL+E Use to Eject CD or DVD from CD or DVD drive
